素養是什麼？透過平日的英語學習，也能培養核心素養？12年國教新課綱包含三大核心素養：自主行動、溝通互動、社會參與。進一步來說，這涵蓋從「個人的自主行動」到「人際的溝通互動」，再到「對大環境的社會參與、共好」的三個必備能力面向。
國際兒童英語能力認證TOEFL Primary的題型設計，正好呼應這些核心素養的內涵。就讓我們一起動手寫寫看範例題型，了解一下必須具備哪些素養，才能順利答題吧！
Here is what to do :
1. Put some water in the bowl.
2. Put some pepper in the bowl. The pepper will float on top of the water. It does not fall to the bottom of the bowl. Use enough pepper to cover the water.
3. Place the tip of your finger in the water. Nothing happens.
4. Now, put a bit of liquid soap on your finger.
5. Place the tip of your finger in the water again. This time, the pepper should move quickly to the sides of the bowl. It looks like the pepper is afraid of the soap !
Try again!
What happens if you try using other materials, such as milk or lemon juice? Find out! Start with a new bowl, and put some water and pepper in it, just like you did before.
Now, put some lemon juice on your finger. When you place your finger in the water, the pepper should not move. Try again with milk. The pepper should stay where it is again. The trick only works with soap!
1. What do you put in the bowl first?
(A) Pepper
(B) Water
(C) Soap
2. What happens when you touch the water with soap on
your finger?
(A) Nothing happens to the pepper.
(B) The pepper falls to the bottom of the bowl.
(C) The pepper moves to the sides of the bowl.
3. What happens when you do not use soap?
(A) Nothing happens to the pepper.
(B) The pepper falls to the bottom of the bowl.
(C) The pepper moves to the sides of the bowl.
解答：B / C/ A
此大題很符合素養導向三面當中之「溝通互動」。本試題採用的是instructions（指示），目的是希望考生在閱讀內容時，除了理解步驟之外，還要同時思考要怎麼做出指示中說明的動作，並想像可能出現文字中敘述的狀態。
如果考生想要在本題得分，必須具備「系統思考的能力」，才能根據instructions（指示）提供的訊息統整成一個完整而延續的概念，再選出一個完全符合情境的對應選項。把零碎的指示統整成一個完整概念，除了需要認知能力之外，也需要一定的身心素質與對人際關係的了解。
以上題型出自／ 《TOEFL Primary Practice Tests: Reading and Listening》
責任編輯／王彤方