承前兩期介紹的摘述技巧，我們知道摘述是以原文約三分之一的篇幅長度精簡地呈現文本全貌，包含主旨、主要論述及重點等。此外，亦需符合四大原則：文字精簡、用自己的文字敘述、掌握文本的重點與結構及使用合宜連貫詞來呈現結構。這期摘述技巧第三關，我們就來練練長文本摘述技巧的關鍵步驟。這次就一篇長度約600字的文章來練習摘述。
1. 先略讀、再確認文章結構重點
第一次閱讀時，先略讀全文，看到標題Gender in the Wild，便可以猜測本文論點與gende有關，in the wild指的是荒野或野外，可以猜測這篇文章與生存在荒野之中的野生動物有關。繼續閱讀後，再看下方三個次標題（Studies Show Gender Effect in Elephant Societies、Gelada Study Reveals Female Primates with Power、Researchers Discover Gender- Driven Play in Chimps），可以發現都有相關詞彙如
study、studies、researchers，可知要談研究野生動物後的發現，三個次標題提及的動物分別是elephant（大象）、gelada（狒狒） 及chimps（猩猩）。略讀完後，接著閱讀第二遍，確認文章結構與重點。
2. 以關鍵字寫出大綱
作為範例的這篇文章由於已經有了次標題，因此大綱結構便能很明確地以三個次標題為主，再加上main idea及supporting details即可，一起來看看下方的範例、練習看看吧！
1. Studies Show Gender Effect in Elephant Societies
Main idea: Female elephants are in charge of raising families, while males form hierarchical groups with other males.
Supporting details: Female elephants cooperate to raise babies and organized groups, to protect young elephant; Male elephants stay close to their female family members until 14 and leave to form other groups with male elephants; Male elephants knew their status, and followed a strict social hierarchy.
2. Gelada Study Reveals Female Primates with Power
Main idea: Female geladas control family groups in gelada society.
Supporting details: Female geladas have power in family groups; Nonfamily male geladas live in separate groups; Most family males are replaced after a few years.
3. Researchers Discover Gender-Driven Play in Chimps
Main idea: ________________________________________________________________
Supporting details: _________________________________________________________
資料來源／ Blass, L. & Vargo, M. (2018). Pathways: Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking 3. Boston, MA : Cengage Learning, Inc.
3. 擬出主題句及重點
可先就下列架構（topic sentence、important ideas、supporting details）列出主題句及需列入的重點。這篇範例文章主軸是three studies on three different animals，以三種動物來說明性別差異的互動及影響。因此主題句可擬出：Three studies reveal interesting details about social relationships among different species, particularly in regard to gender. 而文中每一種動物都各自為一項important idea，後續再補充重要細節，整體的摘述結構便會很完整。
4. 撰寫摘述
完成上述步驟，便可開始撰寫摘述，以下是範例。
Summary: Gender in the Wild
Three studies reveal interesting details about social relationships among different species, particularly in regard to gender. Although elephants are known for their strong matriarchal bonds, males also form their own social groups with hierarchies and strong social bonds.（此處可加入重要細節）Another study of gelada baboons
reveals that it is the females who control the family group.（此處可加入重要細節）Finally, a third study reveals that __________________.
摘述技巧是一個從讀至寫的複雜歷程，需要涵蓋複雜的語言技巧（單字使用、文法、閱讀力、寫作與邏輯思考力），方能寫出一段具連貫性、結構清楚又保持原意的摘述。快掃描全文QR Code，練習摘述技巧。
林麗菊
現職：國立中正大學語言中心副教授
學歷：美國加州大學聖塔芭芭拉分校教育博士
專長：社會語言學、教育研究法、學術英文教學、字彙與閱讀教學
楊岳龍
現職：國立中正大學語言中心講師
學歷：國立台灣師範大學英語教學博士班
專長：學術英文、英文寫作、聽說整合、批判思考與外語教學
文／林麗菊、楊岳龍
